American Revolution - Treaty of Alliance (1778)

The Treaty of Alliance (1778) between the United State and France was signed February 6, 1778. Concluded between the government of King Louis XVI and the Second Continental Congress, the treaty proved critical to the United States winning its independence from Great Britain. Intended as a defensive alliance, it saw France provide both supplies and troops to the Americans while also mounting campaigns against other British colonies. The alliance continued after the American Revolution but effectively ended with the start of the French Revolution in 1789. Relations between the two nations deteriorated in the 1790s and led to the undeclared Quasi-War. This conflict was ended by the Treaty of Mortefontaine in 1800 which also formally terminated the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. Background As the American Revolution progressed, it became obvious to the Continental Congress that foreign aid and alliances would be necessary to achieve victory. In the wake of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, a template was created for potential commercial treaties with France and Spain. Based on the ideals of free and reciprocal trade, this Model Treaty was approved by Congress on September 17, 1776. The following day, Congress appointed a group of commissioners, led by Benjamin Franklin, and dispatched them to France to negotiate an agreement. It was thought that France would prove a likely ally as it had been seeking revenge for its defeat in the Seven Years War thirteen years earlier. While not initially tasked with requesting direct military assistance, the commission received orders instructing it to seek most favored nation trading status as well as military aid and supplies. Additionally, they were to reassure Spanish officials in Paris that the colonies had no designs on Spanish lands in the Americas.   Treaty of Alliance (1778) Conflict: American Revolution (1775-1783)Nations Involved: United States and FranceSigned: February 6, 1778Ended: September 30, 1800 by the Treaty of MortefontaineEffects: The alliance with France proved critical to the United States winning its independence from Great Britain. FReception in France Pleased with the Declaration of Independence and the recent American victory at the Siege of Boston, the French Foreign Minister, Comte de Vergennes, was initially in support of a full alliance with the rebelling colonies. This quickly cooled following General George Washingtons defeat at Long Island, the loss of New York City, and subsequent losses at White Plains and Fort Washington that summer and fall. Arriving in Paris, Franklin was warmly received by the French aristocracy and became popular in influential social circles. Seen as a representative of republican simplicity and honesty, Franklin worked to bolster the American cause behind the scenes. Benjamin Franklin in Paris. Public Domain Aid to the Americans Franklins arrival was noted by the government of King Louis XVI, but despite the kings interest in assisting the Americans, the countrys financial and diplomatic situations precluded providing outright military aid. An effective diplomat, Franklin was able to work through back channels to open a stream of covert aid from France to America, as well as began recruiting officers, such as the Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben. He also succeeded in obtaining critical loans to aid in financing the war effort. Despite French reservations, talks regarding an alliance progressed. The French Convinced Vacillating over an alliance with the Americans, Vergennes spent much of 1777 working to secure an alliance with Spain. In doing so, he eased Spains concerns over American intentions regarding Spanish lands in the Americas. Following the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in the fall of 1777, and concerned about secret British peace overtures to the Americans, Vergennes and Louis XVI elected to forego waiting for Spanish support and offered Franklin an official military alliance. Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga by John Trumbull. Photograph Courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol The Treaty of Alliance (1778) Meeting at the Hotel de Crillon on February 6, 1778, Franklin, along with fellow commissioners Silas Deane and Arthur Lee signed the treaty for the United States while France was represented by Conrad Alexandre Gà ©rard de Rayneval. In addition, the men signed the Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce which was largely based on the Model Treaty. The Treaty of Alliance (1778) was a defensive agreement stating that France would ally with the United States if the former went to war with Britain. In the case of war, the two nations would work together to defeat the common foe. The treaty also set forth land claims for after the conflict and essentially granted the United States all territory conquered in North America while France would retain those lands and islands captured in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. In regard to ending the conflict, the treaty dictated that neither side would make peace without the consent of the other and that the United States independence would be recognized by Britain. An article was also included stipulating that additional nations may join the alliance in the hope that Spain would enter the war. Effects of the Treaty On March 13, 1778, the French government informed London that they had formally recognized the independence of the United States and had concluded the Treaties of Alliance and Amity and Commerce. Four days later, Britain declared war on France formally activating the alliance. Spain would enter the war in June 1779 after concluding the Treaty of Aranjuez with France. The entry of France into the war proved a key turning point in the conflict. French arms and supplies began to flow across the Atlantic to the Americans. In addition, the threat posed by the French military forced Britain to redeploy forces from North America to defend other parts of the empire including critical economic colonies in the West Indies. As a result, the scope of British action in North America was limited. Though initial Franco-American operations at Newport, RI and Savannah, GA proved unsuccessful, the arrival of a French army in 1780, led by Comte de Rochambeau, would prove key to the wars final campaign. Supported by Rear Admiral Comte de Grasses French fleet which defeated the British at the Battle of the Chesapeake, Washington and Rochambeau moved south from New York in September 1781. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown by John Trumbull. Photograph Courtesy of the US Government Cornering the British army of Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis, they defeated him at the Battle of Yorktown in September-October 1781. Cornwallis surrender effectively ended the fighting in North America. During 1782, relations between the allies became strained as the British began pressing for peace. Though largely negotiating independently, the Americans concluded the Treaty of Paris in 1783 which ended the war between Britain and the United States. In accordance with the Treaty of Alliance, this peace agreement was first reviewed and approved by the French. Nullification of the Alliance With the end of the war, people in the United States began to question the duration of the treaty as no end date to the alliance was stipulated. While some, such as Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, believed that the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 ended the agreement, others, such as Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, believed that it remained in effect. With the execution of Louis XVI in 1793, most European leaders agreed that treaties with France were null and void. Despite this, Jefferson believed the treaty to be valid and was backed by President Washington. As the Wars of the French Revolution began to consume Europe, Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality and the subsequent Neutrality Act of 1794 eliminated many of the treatys military provisions. Franco-American relations began a steady decline which was worsened by the 1794 Jay Treaty between the United States and Britain. This began several years of diplomatic incidents which culminated with the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798-1800. USS Constellation (1797) engages LInsurgente during the Quasi-War with France, February 9, 1799. U.S. Naval History Heritage Command Fought largely at sea, it saw numerous clashes between American and French warships and privateers. As part of the conflict, Congress rescinded all treaties with France on July 7, 1798. Two years later,  William Vans Murray, Oliver Ellsworth, and William Richardson Davie were dispatched to France to commence peace talks. These efforts resulted in the Treaty of Mortefontaine (Convention of 1800) on September 30, 1800 which ended the conflict. This agreement officially ended the alliance created by the 1778 treaty.

Using Case Study Example

Essays on Using Customer Relationship Management and Consumer Behaviour to Build Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty Case Study The paper "Using Customer Relationship Management and Consumer Behaviour to Build Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty" is a perfect example of a case study on marketing. In today’s highly competitive market, businesses have understood the importance of satisfying their customers as customer retention ensures a constant demand for goods and services. Building brand equity and enhancing customer loyalty have been deemed as the most sustainable means towards long-term profitability and competitiveness. Customer relationship management (CRM) is termed as a multidimensional process where various information technologies are applied. CRM focuses on a proper understanding of the client’s needs, wishes, wants and behavior and thereafter addressing them effectively. It helps businesses or companies understand the present and future needs of their clients, which allows proper planning (Injazz Popvich, 2003). The importance of CRM is that it lowers the costs that could have otherwise been incurred in mass marketing. Other factors that have increased the importance of CRM in contemporary times are the increased importance of the concept of ‘customer share’, as opposed to ‘market share’. Additionally; one to one marketing, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and information technology developments promote CRM. The availability of information regarding the various products offered in the market in the face of cut-throat competition sees organizations refocus their strategies to remain profitable (Russell, 2001). Combining modern technology in CRM programs promotes accurate planning both in the short, as well as, long term.Research BackgroundFrom the early 1980’s, several researchers have tried to understand ways in which consumers make choices. However, many of them agree that making profits and giving consumers what they want forms the basic principles of marketing. Universally, all the researchers agree that it may be too pri cey for clients who undertake their purchase process blindly. According to Cova and Cova (2002), the costs and benefits of meeting individual customer preferences are less deterministic and extremely complex than has been assumed. This is because what customers prioritize is susceptible to different influences and is often ill-defined. Additionally, in many cases, customers have little understanding of their preferences. In one of their recent research work, Delpy and Bosetti, (1998) tackle the issue of customer relationship management and how it influences brand equity. Nonetheless, many supporters of this marketing approach have agreed that maintaining a good relationship with customers and also by meeting their needs will build an insurmountable barrier against competitors and enhance customer loyalty. For instance, during major sporting events such as athletics and football, the sporting superstar characters are run on billboards and through shopping malls portraying NIKE brand hence enticing the entire public to identify with the brand.

Dominicans In America Essay Research Paper Andre free essay sample

Black friars In America Essay, Research Paper Andre Washington Wilbert Nelson Sociology 140 December 13, 1999 Black friars, America # 8217 ; s Turning Peoples for the New Millennium The Dominican Republic or besides known as La Republica Dominicana is a little island that is 18,816 square stat mis, located off the seashore of Florida. The Dominicans of this land portion their island with the Haitians. The island has a semitropical clime, mountains, turn overing hills, and fertile river vales. The economic system is chiefly dominated by sugar, which still earns much of the state # 8217 ; s foreign exchange despite constitution of varied visible radiation industries and the development of Ni, excavation and touristry. Coffee, chocolate, baccy, and bananas are besides a major export harvest. But, despite their apparently stable economic system, and exuberant landscape gardening, a huge bulk of the estimated 8,603,200 people that live at that place wish to migrate to the United States. This may be due to the fact that since the clip the Dominican Republic was proclaimed in 1844 as a absolutism, it has come under the onslaught of bad political leading, and civil dis cord. In 1899 the state was bankrupted by civil discord after the slaying of Ulises Heureaux, their dictator. Shortly after that the state came under U.S. control. Even under U.S. control the state still suffered from dictators with extremely restrictive policies on go forthing the island, and rough economic conditions. These awful economic conditions merely worsened and caused a mammoth inflow of immigrants from the Dominican Republic to the United States in the early 80 # 8217 ; s and even more in the 90 # 8217 ; s ( Hale-Benson, p. 97 ) . The people came in Grovess to the United States seeking more chances and a better life, but they shortly learned that they would confront many of the same cultural, racial and cultural barriers that other cultural immigrants have faced when seeking a new life in a new land. In this paper I will detail the adversities Dominicans have suffered since their inflow to America. Such as rough economic jobs here in the U.S. , about worse than those faced in the Dominican Republic, deficiency of quality and skilled occupation chances, due to a hapless instruction, prejudiced barriers they have been forced to digest and get the better of, and assorted other obstructions that they have had to overcome, all while endeavoring to go a productive and lending people here in America. New York City # 8217 ; s fastest turning immigrant group are Dominicans, a Spanish speech production people, flocking from the Dominican Republic to the United States, New York City in specific. In 1980 the Dominican population in NYC was 125,380, in 1990 it was 332,713, and today in 1999 it is an estimated 500,000 people. The lone job with this is through the old ages of their migration to America, their per capita income has declined sharply. It seems as though when the Dominican population in America additions, their income as a whole lessenings. About half of the Dominicans in NYC live below the poorness degree. In 1990 29 % of Dominicans where on public assistance. Of foreign people immigrating to the U.S. , merely people from the former Soviet Union had a higher per centum of people populating on public aid. From 1989 to 1996 their per capita income declined 23 % to $ 6,094 a twelvemonth, in rising prices adjusted dollars, while their poorness rate rose from 37 % to 46 % , tha t is about dual for the metropolis as a whole. Unemployment besides rose from 17.2 % in 1990 to 18.8 % in 1996 ( Lopez, p. 3 ) . The beginning of these terrible economic jobs harmonizing to Internet site, Latino Link, are from a deficiency of a proper instruction and accomplishments, and their unusual immature age. 6 out of every 10 Dominicans in the U.S. reside in New York City. Washington Heights, located in upper Manhattan houses the largest Dominican population nationally. Black friars make up 7 % of NYC, but their kids make up 12 % of simple age childs. On mean Dominicans are much younger in comparing to American # 8217 ; s age in NYC. The mean age for a New Yorker is 36, compared to 24 for person of Dominican Heritage. This plays a big function in the job they face when looking for skilled occupations. Research workers have said that their immature age places a major barrier when seeking occupations outside of the bluish neckband market. Most Dominicans enter the full-time work force here in America around age 16 or 17, no clip at all for a proper instruction. 55 % of the Dominican-American population has non graduated from high school, and merely 4 % have obtained some type of college grade. Dominican-Americans even have a comparatively low instruction and skill degree when compared to that of Dominicans in the Dominican Republic. Like most other cultural immigrants Dominican grownups need literacy and English linguistic communication direction while their kids need better schools. The huge bulk of occupations filled by Black friars are unskilled bluish neckband places. These places require small or no formal instruction, and English accomplishments are about un-needed. Factors such as these make it easy for Dominican-Americans to get these occupations. But these same occupations, wage bare lower limit, or below au naturel minimal rewards.In 1998 the norm pay for a Dominican-American was $ 12,810, which is a deep dip below our poorness degree ( Calderon, p. 134-136 ) . As if these conditions were non an huge sufficiency job for Dominican-Americans, they besides face the prejudiced racial, cultural and cultural barriers, placed on them by America. As a people endeavoring for designation here in America, Dominican-Americans have had to digest improper racial labeling, as had most people of colour in American society. 2/3 of Dominicans are of Afro-European decent and the smaller 1/3 of chiefly African decent. The cardinal word in both descriptions of their ethnicity refer back to Africa for its roots. But yet when holding to place with a racial group here in America, because they are a Spanish speech production people society forces them to take Hispanic or Latin, and deny their African/Black heritage and roots. Physically Dominicans can run in colour, from chromaticities possessed by the darker featured African americans, to the igniter toned Mexicanos. With such a disparity in scope of colour and characteristics, America has non merely made them cover with their deficiency of instruction, accomplishments, and economic art, but besides with the stigma of dividing and spliting them based on their difference of visual aspect ( Lo pez, p. 12-15 ) . Merely late here in America, have Dominicans now begun to divide themselves along colour lines. Dominicans of more European characteristics and lighter tegument tone have had the privilege of the # 8220 ; white advantage # 8221 ; because they can go through for white, whereas their darker featured Dominican brothers have had to endure racial unfairnesss typically impressed upon Latinos and African-Americans. This one difference has caused a spread between Dominicans that needs bridging. Organizations such as Alianza Dominicana, Inc. ( Dominican Alliance ) and the Community Association of Progressive Dominicans, which are located and work out of Washington Heights, New York, have been working towards suppressing this job. These organisations are in topographic point to assist bridge the inter-race relationship spread between Black friars by working with both sides, to assist Dominicans as a whole overcome racial and economic subjugation in America ( DeAnda, p. 256 -260 ) . Another factor lending to the economic subjugation of Dominican-Americans is the gender job within their community. The bulk of Dominican households are headed by individual adult females with no adult male about to assist out financially or emotionally. In 1990 families headed by adult females were at 41 % and so jumped to 49 % in 1996. This job stems from the stigma of immigrating to a new land mixed in with traditional Dominican values. In Dominican civilization work forces are seen as the suppliers. The job starts when work forces move their households to America, and for whatever ground, can non look to happen stable employment so that they may back up their households. After they try and seek and still can non look to back up their households, they become defeated and stop up running off from the job by go forthing their households entirely to fend for themselves. The outgrowth of all these individual female parent Dominican family besides contributes to their terrible economic job ( Hale-Benson, p. 59-61 ) . As stated earlier most Dominicans when they arrive here in the United States speak merely Spanish and have no existent instruction so the lone occupations open to them are bluish collar places. Such places consist, of building work, plumbing, fix service, physical labour etc. These places are typically non occupations adult females are considered for. So because of the linguistic communication barrier along with holding no existent accomplishments, the lone occupations open to Dominican adult females are homemakers, amahs, cooks, and nursemaids. These occupations on mean output a annually wage of about $ 4- $ 7,000.00. This is barely adequate to back up a household on so many female parent # 8217 ; s are forced to go reliant upon public aid ( Lopez, p. 111 ) . Recently there has been an outgrowth of organisations such as The Dominican Women # 8217 ; s Development Center, which promotes authorization of all Blatino ( Black-Latino ) adult females, no n merely Dominicanas. This centre provides occupation preparation, an English-as-a-Second Language Program, reding for HIV+ people, in-migration services, exercising preparation, a smoke cessati on workshop and a Reike ( mending method utilizing custodies ) unfastened house. There is besides an exhibit infinite where adult females can expose their pictures and clayware ( Ruiz, p.53 ) . Even though Dominican-Americans are doing paces in seeking to break their life, there are still many negative stereotypes that persist about them. Once such stereotype that seems to blight all people of colour, is that their work forces are lazy and will non account for their kids. Another being that Dominican-American adult females do non desire to work, but merely attention to acquire money from the authorities with no attempts to break themselves. The most cockamamie of these stereotypes is that Dominican-Americans garbage to larn to talk English and will go on to merely talk Spanish. Organizations such as Mano y Mano are assisting immature and old Dominican work forces to larn to get by with the passage of traveling to America and the adversities of happening a occupation, while remaining with their married woman, girlfriend, household, etc. and larning to accept congratulations and support from their adult females without experiencing that they have compromised their manhood. Ma no y Mano hopes to accomplish its ends through workshops, presentations, retreats and any other method that will assist Dominican work forces cope with household life in America. La Familia Unida Day Care is an organisation that is fixed on assisting Dominicanas, by supplying twenty-four hours attention, offering ESL categories, and by supplying occupation placement listings so that Dominican adult females can go slightly self efficient and non depend on the authorities for financess and aid. The Dominican Chamber of Commerce is working feverishly to chase away the myth that Dominican immigrants do non desire to larn English. Dominicans have a strong thrust and aspiration to larn English, but as adult grownups it is difficult to happen ESL categories that are convenient and can be worked around their work agendas. Dominican Immigrants know that without English they can non win in this state. So the Dominican Chamber of Commerce has set up flushing ESL categories, and twenty-four hou rs attention constitutions so that Dominicans can hold the clip to larn English. They besides offer other categories that will help Dominicans in seting to life in America ( Hale-Benson, p.186 ) . Besides with the new age of computing machines and engineering, different Dominican organisations have utilized the universe broad web in happening resources to help their cause. They have besides used the Internet to web with different Blatino professionals in the community to come in and talk in the workshops and forums they host. Web sites have been set up, so that the Internet will experience the presence of Blatinos in America. These web sites besides set up a grassroots foundation for Dominicans and other Blatino groups to seek out support and allow them cognize that they are non entirely ( Lopez, p.142 ) . Regardless of all the major reverses and obstructions Black friars have had to face, they still have had a positive impact on American society. The easiest most recognizable part Dominicans have made is in the field of baseball. Many Dominicans have come to play major functions in American baseball. One such participant that stands out is Sammy Sosa of the Chicago greenhorn, who was running cervix and cervix in the place tally race with Mark McGwire. Besides Ozzie Virgil became the first Dominican indigen to make the major conferences, fall ining the Giants in 1956. Since that clip, about 200 Dominicans have made an impact on the major conferences. In 1983, Juan Marichal became the first Dominican indigen to be named to the Hall of Fame. The bequest of Dominican participants in the major conferences is really rich, and there are still many doing history now. Red Sox pitcher Pedro Martinez, 27, signed the most moneymaking contract in baseball last twelvemonth, acquiring $ 75 million o ver the following six old ages. Sammy Sosa of the Cubs, with a June-long explosion of place tallies, put himself in the race to interrupt Roger Maris single-season place tally record ( Calderon, p.263 ) . But Dominican parts are non merely found in the athleticss sphere. In New York City and New Jersey there are over 23,000 concern proprietors, 6,000 food market shops, 500 supermarkets, 1,200 beauty salons, all Dominican owned. These concern aid lend to the economic system with an inflow of new money ( DeAnda, p.155 ) . Black friars have besides began to demo their political power. Guillermo Linares has become the first Dominican-born elected functionary in the United States. In 1979 he developed the first Dominican non-profit organisation, the Community Association of Progressive Dominicans. He was besides elected three times to the school board, where he advocated for building of schools. In the last five old ages, 10 of those schools have been built. Besides New York State Assemblyman Adriano Espaillat won a narrow triumph over John Muraugh last November, therefore going the first Dominican-American to be elected as province legislator. His triumph was credited with the turning political influence of established Dominican citizens in the country. Dominicans are taking charge of their communities by running for public office and going more involved with American political relations to assist better Dominican life in this state ( Calderon, p.79 ) One of the most of import parts made to American society doubtless is the inflow of new ideas, thoughts, patterns and civilization into chief watercourse America. Right now America is seeing the biggest out pour of Latin endowment in the entertainment/fashion industry. Oscar de la Renta is a good known, affluent Dominican Born interior decorator. The influence of most of his designs are from his fatherland of the Dominican Republic ( Lopez, p.210 ) . Musician Juan Luis Guerra has besides scored high with the American populace with his Latin infused beat. The new thoughts, civilization, music, and positive and productive citizens, are the most alone parts that Dominicans have offered to the United States. Therefore sometimes altering the manner some of us view life, and handle assorted other state of affairss ( Calderon, p. 49 ) . Dominican-Americans suffer the adversities most new cultural immigrants face when come ining into America. Harsh economic jobs, deficiency of quality and skilled occupation chances, prejudiced barriers, and assorted other obstructions are all really existent jobs Dominicans face while endeavoring to go a productive and lending people to America. Dominicans are a comparatively new cultural immigrant group, and have non had an abundant sum of clip to set up themselves here as a positive group. But within the short clip that Black friars have been naming America place, they have managed to take what they were given and do the best of it. Through assorted organisations such as Alianza Dominicana, Inc. , the Community Association of Progressive Dominicans, The Dominican Women Development Center, and Mano y Mano, along with such lovingness and passionate political leaders as Guillermo Linares, and Adriano Espaillat Dominicans have taken a elephantine measure in the right way for interrupti ng negative stereotypes and doing their presence a positive one here in America. As a individual of colour, I can deeply sympathise with what Dominicans are traveling through today. I besides stand and applaud them for their brave attempts to turn a bad state of affairs into a good 1. I think an of import thing we as Americans can make to ease the jobs Dominicans or immigrants to this state in general is to do them experience welcome here. First we must understand what it is they go through when coming from another state to populate here, and adjust to a new linguistic communication. Classs like Sociology 140, are a great start to understanding different people and the jobs they face. But I don # 8217 ; t think we should halt at that place. Take a history category different from your ain background. Expand your skylines and wear # 8217 ; t restrict yourself to what you see around you. Become a planetary citizen and go involved in different organisations, or get down an organisatio n in your community to assist new immigrants cope with life in a new state. If more people would take the clip to better understand what, where and why different groups have the jobs that they face, they would understand that they portion many of the same jobs. A shared apprehension, or a individual yarn in common is sometimes all it takes to bridge a spread between states, and to see beyond your ain line of apprehension. If everyone merely took clip to seek one of these simple suggestions, as a state we would be much stronger and more incorporate. We can come together through our differences. A simple, over used statement, but normally ignored and non listened to, can assist set us on the right path for the following Millennium. 607 Bronx Beat. Online. Internet. 11 Nov. 1999 Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //Bronx-beat.jrn.columbia.edu/indices/021698/latino.html Calderon, Andres. Afro-Latins in America-Revised Edition. Baltimore, MD: Brigham Young University Press, 1982. DeAnda, Diane. Consideration of Racial Issues at Play. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1997. Herrea-Benson, Janice. Latin Americans in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Imperativeness, 1995. Latino Link. Online. Internet. 3 Dec. 1999 Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.latinolink.com Lopez, Omar. Turning up Dominican. New York, NY: Anchor Press, 1998. Ruiz, Delia. Women of Color in Modern Society. New York, NY: Harper and Row Press, 1992.

Risk Management Credit Risk Modeling

Question: Describe about the Risk Management for Credit Risk Modeling. Answer: Introduction Hubicki (2014) depicts that a Risk management plan is useful as it reduces the unexpected projects risks and an effective risk plan can reduce the probability of the risk for that organization up to 80-90%. In this assessment, an effective formulation of the risk management plan will be discussed along with some evidence. Pritchard and PMP (2014) defines that a proper balance risk management plan comprises of six steps- risk identification risk register, risk analysis methods, identification of the risk triggers, risk resolution ideas, risk resolution action plan and responsibility and accountability. Finally, the assessment will be wrapped up with an overall conclusion for the entire discussion. Discussion Risk identification risk register Kendrick (2015) depicts that risk identification can be made by evaluating the previous financial reports and going through various project documents and departments. Taken for example, in the US the trend of food requirement is changing from time to time. Thus, in Domino's, if the managing authority will not focus on the changing requirement of the evolved risk the organization will not be able to attain enough profit. Ryu et al. (2016) states that all the probability of the risk and the previous experience should be maintained in a log called Risk log or Risk register. Risk analysis methods Risk can be analyzed through the PI matrix shown in the image below. Image 1: PI matrix (Source: Bluhm et al., 2016) Bluhm et al. (2016) defines that in this way, the probability and impactof the risk can be analyzed so that the organization can assess the risks of the cost, time and resource factors accurately. Identification of the risk triggers In this context the risk management planning teamis divided into teams and each team is responsible for handling for small modules of the system. In this way, the major reason for the risk can be easily identified and effective measure can be taken. Risk resolution ideas The team identifies and document preventive actions for the evolved risks and their next is to enhance actions for the opportunities such as financial Risk reports, IT Risk Reports and HR Risk Reports. Risk resolution action plan Pritchard and PMP (2014) mentions that based on the ideas of the risk management teams, project manager implements risk resolution. In this scenario, these manager works mostly on the risk that has high P-I value at the onset of a project. In this way, the time, cost and resources can be saved from future adversity. Responsibility and accountability A master list is prepared in this context, and an owner is assigned to each risk on the master list. This can be accomplished through the Responsibility Assignment Matrix is shown in the figure below and one example for such Responsibility Assignment Matrix is illustrated in Appendix, Figure 1. Image 2: Responsibility Assignment Matrix (Source: Kerzner, 2013) Kerzner (2013) depicts that at last project manager is solely accountable to the sponsor of the projects and it is the liability of the manager to deliver a risk-free project to their clients. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that an effective risk management system comprises of six steps and on assessing these six steps efficiently risk can be diminished from projects. One of the major steps in evaluating the risk is to divide the risk management team and then evaluate small modules per team at a time. In this way, the time will be easy to assess the risk and the project managers can suggest an effective solution before the delivery of the final project to the client. Reference list Bluhm, C., Overbeck, L., Wagner, C. (2016).Introduction to credit risk modeling. Crc Press. Hubicki, M. (2014). Risk Management Plan. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Ryu, C., Lim, S. Y., Suh, M. (2016). Project Risk Management in RD Organizations: A Survey on Risk Register from Korean companies.The Journal of Modern Project Management,4(2).